Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR): Detecting Inflammation and Disease

The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) is a blood test that measures how quickly red blood cells settle at the bottom of a test tube. A faster-than-normal rate may indicate inflammation in the body, which can be associated with conditions like infections, autoimmune disorders, and certain cancers. A high ESR result suggests the presence of inflammation but doesn’t pinpoint the specific cause. Therefore, the ESR test is often used alongside other tests to diagnose and monitor inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus, and to track the effectiveness of treatments.

What is the ESR Test?
- The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) test measures how quickly red blood cells settle at the bottom of a test tube in one hour.
- A higher rate of sedimentation indicates the presence of inflammation in the body.
Why is ESR Important?
- ESR is a non-specific test that helps detect inflammation caused by various conditions, such as autoimmune diseases, infections, or cancer.
- It is useful in monitoring chronic inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and vasculitis.
Interpreting High ESR Results:
- High ESR levels suggest inflammation, but further testing is needed to determine the underlying cause.
- Common causes of high ESR include:
  - Infections (e.g., tuberculosis, pneumonia)
  - Autoimmune disorders (e.g., lupus, rheumatoid arthritis)
  - Chronic diseases (e.g., kidney disease, heart disease)
  - Cancers (e.g., lymphoma, multiple myeloma)
Normal ESR Values:
- For men, a normal ESR is usually 0-15 mm/hr.
- For women, normal values are typically 0-20 mm/hr.
- Values tend to rise with age and may also be higher during pregnancy.
What Should You Do if Your ESR is High?
- A high ESR result indicates the need for further investigation. Your doctor will likely order additional tests to determine the exact cause of inflammation and guide treatment options.

Recommended Tests

C-Reactive Protein (CRP): CRP is another blood test used to detect inflammation in the body. It can provide more specific information about acute inflammation and is often used alongside ESR to assess conditions like infections and autoimmune disorders.
- High-Sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) Test

Complete Blood Count (CBC): A CBC test helps evaluate your overall blood health, including red and white blood cell counts, which can indicate anemia or infection and are often assessed alongside ESR in inflammatory conditions.
- CBC Test